Since 2001 as Gujarat CM and from 2014 as the PM of India, Shri Narendra Modi has redefined governance through visionary foresight, relentless execution, and unprecedented societal mobilisation. His decentralised, crowd-driven style of implementation seamlessly blends top-down policy with bottom-up community action. His legacy of impactful changes, as evidenced below, exemplifies a leadership style that inspires trust, mobilises millions, and sets new benchmarks for governance rooted in empathy and courage.
The Power of a Mass Leader: PM Modi’s Model of National Mobilisation
Uncharted Subjects – Massive Success
PM Modi’s exceptional strength lies in boldly navigating uncharted routes to achieve massive success. By challenging convention and embracing innovation, he turns bold ideas into nationwide movements that deliver sweeping social, economic, and technological change.
For instance, the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav (AKAM), launched on March 12, 2021, commemorates 75 years of India’s independence. It fosters patriotism while deepening awareness of the freedom struggle and inspiring confidence in the nation’s future trajectory. From its inception, AKAM was marked by the PM’s call for “Jan Bhagidari”; people’s participation on an unprecedented scale. Reflecting this spirit, over 60,000 programmes across government, academia, and civil society have celebrated India’s journey and aspirations.
Similarly, launched on October 2, 2014, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan stands as a defining example of national mobilisation, transforming hygiene into a people’s movement. By 2024, the mission had facilitated the construction of over 12 crore household toilets, significantly expanding access to sanitation. This unprecedented effort sparked one of the world’s largest behavioural shifts, with rural toilet coverage rising from less than 40% in 2014 to over 95% by mid-2019, benefiting crores of citizens and reshaping India’s public health landscape.
Complementing this, the Give It Up campaign for LPG subsidies, launched in 2015, encouraged voluntary surrender by affluent households resulting in over 1.15 crore participants opting out by February 2025 redirecting savings to expand clean cooking access under schemes like Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which aligns with Swachh Bharat’s broader goals of promoting women’s health as part of a holistic cleanliness drive.4
This same mobilising energy was evident during COVID-19 as collective resilience defined India’s response. On 19 March 2020, PM Modi called for the nation to observe a “Janta Curfew” on 22 March: a voluntary, one-day lockdown and an appeal to express gratitude to healthcare and frontline workers through clapping and banging utensils. The response was unprecedented: over a billion people participated, resulting in empty streets across urban and rural India, uniting citizens from every walk of life in a powerful display of solidarity.
Transitioning seamlessly to economic empowerment, the “Vocal for Local” campaign and the drive for digital payments sparked a fintech revolution. By July 2025, UPI had over 49 crore users, with rural India accounting for more than half of its adoption and over 70% of users coming from outside Tier-1 cities. India now accounts for the majestic 49%+ of global real-time payment transactions. It is a clear sign of mass-scale financial inclusion enabled by sustained government outreach and forward-looking policies.6
Participative Governance for Transformative Impact
His leadership is distinguished by a participative and action-oriented governance style. At the forefront is MyGov, a flagship digital platform launched in 2014, which revolutionised governance by crowdsourcing ideas and expert inputs directly from citizens, setting new standards in participative democracy and inclusive impact.
Complementing this digital dialogue is Mann Ki Baat, PM Modi’s personable monthly radio address. Through storytelling and direct engagement, the program showcases grassroots success, highlights schemes like Swachh Bharat and Jan Dhan Yojana, and makes governance accessible, relatable, and participatory.
Roots to accessible governance can be traced back to his tenure as Gujarat’s Chief Minister, where his transformative electricity reforms ensured 24×7 power supply to all citizens. It embodies the philosophy of “Maximum Governance, Minimum Government.” This model set a powerful blueprint for the nation and catalysed subsequent large-scale initiatives.
The flagship Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) launched in 2014, expanded financial inclusion by opening over 56 crore bank accounts through the JAM (Jan DhanAadhaar-Mobile) trinity, enabling millions to access formal banking and government subsidies digitally.
Simultaneously, the Saubhagya scheme brought electricity to homes of 2.86 crore households, achieving near universal household electrification in record time.8
The Cultural and Civilisational Revival
As a patriotic visionary and methodical nation-builder, he not only safeguarded India’s priceless heritage, but also rekindled collective consciousness. Due to his multiple decisive initiatives, the nation reclaimed its cultural legacy while anchoring progress in a renewed sense of identity and shared pride.
The Statue of Unity, unveiled in 2018 as the world’s tallest statue, honours Sardar Patel’s legacy and inspires unity and development, boosting local tourism. The National War Memorial, inaugurated in 2019 near India Gate, is a tribute to fallen soldiers, reinforcing values of sacrifice and patriotism. The Pran Pratishtha at the Ram Janmabhoomi Temple in January 2024 became the centrepiece of spiritual resurgence both nationally and internationally. By June 2025, the temple welcomed over 5.5 crore devotees, surpassing the Taj Mahal in domestic tourism and reinforcing Ayodhya’s status as a global pilgrimage hub.
His commitment to cultural preservation shines through projects like the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor in Varanasi and the Namami Gange Programme preserving its spiritual sanctity. Through flagship initiatives like the PRASHAD (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive) and Swadesh Darshan schemes, over 75 tourism and pilgrimage projects have been approved and implemented by 2025. These efforts have created meaningful opportunities for local economies and cultural communities.
Since 2014, over 642 stolen antiquities have been traced and are at various stages of being brought back to India. These recovery efforts, have transformed cultural preservation from a government mandate into a national movement, celebrating India’s glory.
Bold and Decisive Actions- Carrying People Along
The abolition of Triple Talaq was a watershed moment, empowering Muslim women and tackling deep-rooted inequities. The Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025 and the Citizenship (Amendment) Act reaffirmed the resolve to address long-pending societal issues. Both were driven by a humanitarian focus, prioritising justice despite polarised debate and complex challenges.
His willingness to confront corruption became crystal clear with the 2016 demonetisation. The overnight decision to abolish high-value currency notes was unprecedented, sending a message of zero tolerance for black money. It demonstrated courage to disrupt the status quo for the greater good, igniting public action against economic malpractices.
During COVID-19, his mobilisation was evident as India’s vaccination drive overcame hesitancy through transparent communication and persistent engagement, uniting millions and showcasing crisis leadership rooted in public trust.
Innovation in affirmative action through the EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) reservation was another feather to his cap. By introducing quotas for disadvantaged economic groups, he expanded the definition of inclusivity, ensuring reform was not just bold but also empathetic and forward-thinking.
Thus, PM Modi’s strength lies in turning barriers into pathways. With decisive actions and a strong public mandate, he transforms visionary goals into national movements, reshaping society through bold, heartfelt reforms; whether confronting social injustice or driving economic renewal.
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