The sun has many wonderful benefits. One favorite? It triggers the production of serotonin, the neurotransmitter that boosts feelings of well-being. Still, too much sun exposure isn’t always a good thing—especially when it comes to the skin. In fact, it isn’t uncommon to notice sunspots and hyperpigmentation after a carefree summer of soaking up the sun.

“We can encounter the onset of skin spots for multiple reasons—for example, taking birth control or pregnancy or menopause—but the main cause is direct exposure to the sun,” says Dr. Flavia Guatteo, a specialist in plastic and reconstructive surgery based in Milan.

What are sunspots?

Hyperpigmentation or dyschromia (a.k.a. sunspots and dark spots) arise from an irregular accumulation of melanin produced by melanocytes—and many of these types of sunspots, like solar lentigo, are caused by prolonged exposure to the sun.

Though not all spots are caused solely by the sun (as is the case with melasma or post-acne/post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation), all spots can worsen or reappear because of the sun.

How to get rid of sunspots

Prevention is the best medicine. “To limit sunspots, we should always use at minimum SPF 50,” notes Guatteo.

Okay, but what to do if those sunspots are already here? Guatteo says your best bet, in terms of at-home skincare anyway, is to seek products that contain vitamin C. These can be used year-round and have “a targeted action on melanocytes to help brighten spots,” Guatteo says.

Below, a few more ways to take targeted action. For more personalized results, consult a dermatologist. And always remember to accompany any treatment with daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen.

LED masks

While not a substitute for sunscreen, regular use of an LED mask can be a valuable aid in preventing sunspots by making the skin more even and radiant.

LED face masks help prevent sunspots through the targeted action of light on specific skin layers. LED light—and particularly red and near-infrared light—stimulates cell regeneration and promotes more even skin tone. Red light penetrates deep into the skin, promoting collagen production and improving circulation.

This regenerative effect helps make the skin more resistant to sun damage and reduce inflammation, one of the factors that can trigger the formation of spots. Some masks also include blue or green light; green light is especially useful in counteracting hyperpigmentation, as it works by regulating melanin production.

Brightening serums

Topical-use brightening serums are targeted cosmetic formulations that work primarily by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, the pigment responsible for natural skin coloration. Among the most effective active ingredients in these formulations is tranexamic acid, which is known for its depigmenting and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts by interfering in the communication mechanisms between keratinocytes and melanocytes, thus reducing melanin production at the source and is particularly recommended for the treatment of post-inflammatory spots, melasma, and other forms of persistent hyperpigmentation. Lightening serums can also be used in conjunction with professional depigmentation treatments, such as chemical peels or lasers.