Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of India’s major public health challenges, despite being a preventable and curable disease. The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. Early detection is key to successful treatment and preventing the spread of the disease.
In collaboration with the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, here’s a breakdown of key symptoms to watch out for and why early medical intervention matters.
A chronic cough that doesn’t improve over two weeks is a classic sign of TB. It may start dry and later produce phlegm. In some cases, it can lead to severe chest irritation.
One of the hallmark symptoms of TB is sudden weight loss without any lifestyle or dietary changes. The body’s metabolism speeds up as it fights the infection, leading to noticeable weight loss.
Coughing up blood or blood-tinged sputum is a serious symptom and should not be ignored. It suggests the infection is affecting the lungs more severely.
Pain in the chest while breathing or coughing may occur, often due to inflammation in the lung linings. This symptom requires immediate evaluation, especially when paired with coughing and breathlessness.
TB can sometimes bring about visible and internal physical changes, such as fatigue, skin pallor, or altered breathing patterns. These signs may seem subtle, but are important to note.
A fever that spikes in the evening is a telltale symptom of TB. Unlike typical viral fevers, TB-related fevers are often low-grade but persistent.
Excessive sweating during the night, even in cooler weather or air-conditioned environments, can be a symptom of TB. These episodes may soak clothing or bed linens.
General tiredness, even without exertion, is another red flag. Many TB patients report feeling weak or unable to carry out everyday activities.
TB can also affect lymph nodes or other organs, causing painless swellings or lumps. These can appear in the neck, underarms, or groin and should be checked by a doctor.
Those already dealing with other health issues or a compromised immune system are at a higher risk of TB. People living with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or malnutrition are particularly vulnerable.
Tuberculosis is curable with timely and complete treatment, usually involving a 6-month course of antibiotics. Early detection is crucial to breaking the chain of transmission. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, visit a health facility and get tested.