As of 19 December 2024, Alexander Paffendorf, a 20-year-old from Carlsbad, California, has been detained for allegedly planning a mass shooting at a government building. His plans were reportedly coordinated with Natalie “Samantha” Rupnow, a 15-year-old who carried out a deadly shooting at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisconsin. Rupnow’s attack resulted in the deaths of a substitute teacher and a student before she took her own life.
During an FBI interview, Paffendorf admitted to communicating with Rupnow about arming himself with explosives and a firearm to target a government facility. Following this admission, a gun violence restraining order was issued, requiring him to surrender all firearms and ammunition. Law enforcement subsequently executed the order at his residence, seizing weapons.
The investigation is ongoing, with authorities examining the communications between Paffendorf and Rupnow to determine the extent of their coordination and motives. This case has sparked concerns over how online interactions can facilitate violent plans between individuals in different locations.

Natalie Rupnow’s Ideology and Actions

Rupnow, the perpetrator of the Wisconsin school shooting, exhibited a deep fascination with previous school shooters, drawing inspiration from figures like Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold, and Nikolas Cruz. Her writings and online activity mirrored their ideologies, expressing alienation, hatred for society, and a desire for recognition through violence.
Her manifesto, titled War Against Humanity, revealed themes of societal disdain, rejection, and nihilistic despair. Rupnow framed her attack as a form of vengeance and liberation, blaming societal norms and personal rejection for her suffering. She sought to assert control in a life she viewed as powerless, with her writings reflecting a desire to make her actions unforgettable.

Warning Signs and Missed Opportunities

Rupnow’s escalating behaviour was evident through her dark social media posts and cryptic messages, which included troubling imagery and references to her planned attack. Despite these red flags, her actions went largely unaddressed by those around her. Friends and family dismissed her behaviour as typical teenage angst, and the warning signs were overlooked until it was too late.
The tragedy underscores the importance of recognising and addressing such behaviours, particularly among vulnerable individuals. Greater vigilance in monitoring online activity and providing mental health support could potentially prevent similar incidents in the future.
The tragic school shooting at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisconsin, perpetrated by 15-year-old Natalie “Samantha” Rupnow, showcases the dark influence of previous school shooters on her mindset and actions. Through her manifesto, War Against Humanity, and a disturbing online presence, Rupnow mirrored the ideologies and methods of infamous shooters such as Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold, Nikolas Cruz, Anton Lundin Pettersson, and Pekka-Eric Auvinen. Her writings and actions reflected an alienation from society, a deep-seated hatred for humanity, and a craving for recognition, traits eerily similar to her predecessors.

Key Influences on Rupnow’s Actions

Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold (Columbine Shooters)

Rupnow’s writings and social media mirrored Harris’s misanthropy and Klebold’s self-loathing. Harris and Klebold’s desire to be remembered through violence strongly resonated with Rupnow, who articulated a similar craving for recognition in her manifesto. She emulated Harris’s contempt for humanity, frequently using rhetoric that framed people as a “disease” and expressing a desire to punish societal wrongs. Her choice of clothing, including a T-shirt referencing KMFDM, a band admired by Harris, underscored her identification with the Columbine shooters.
Nikolas Cruz (Parkland Shooter)
Rupnow drew parallels to Cruz in her feelings of isolation and rejection. Her social media featured references to Cruz, suggesting she found validation in his transition from invisibility to infamy through violence. Like Cruz, Rupnow’s manifesto expressed a desire to make others feel the pain she believed she endured.
Anton Lundin Pettersson (Trollhättan, Sweden)
Pettersson’s racially motivated attack in 2015 inspired Rupnow not in ideology but in his methodical approach to violence. She reportedly shared footage of his attack, captivated by its execution and the spectacle of chaos it created.
Pekka-Eric Auvinen (Jokela, Finland)
Auvinen’s nihilistic worldview resonated deeply with Rupnow. His writings about humanity as inherently flawed and deserving of destruction paralleled her manifesto, where she described humanity as a “plague.” Auvinen’s justification of violence as a form of liberation and protest against existence closely aligned with Rupnow’s reasoning.