In May 2020, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) made incursions into several areas traditionally claimed and patrolled by India. Since then, New Delhi and Beijing have engaged in negotiations, claiming to have resolved disputes over the LAC alignment in three regions: Galwan Valley, Gogra-Hot Springs, and the Pangong Lake area. In the same year, twenty Indian soldiers and four Chinese soldiers lost their lives in hand-to-hand combat using clubs and staves in the Galwan Valley in Ladakh, marking the first deadly clashes in nearly 60 years. In September 2022, Indian and Chinese forces executed a mutual withdrawal from the Gogra-Hot Springs region in Ladakh. (Photo: PTI)